Aurora borealis, also known as northern lights, is caused by severe geomagnetic or solar storms. The last time the region experienced a solar storm strong enough to light up the night skies was in May of 2024. A measuring system called a “G rating” is used to identify a solar storm’s intensity. Storms are rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the most severe.

Last year’s storm was rated as a G4. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, a current storm reached G4 levels Sunday afternoon and may last through Tuesday morning. Because of this, skylines across the U.S., including those in Northern California, have a high probability of soon being adorned with pink, purple, green, and blueish-colored lights.

How to see the northern lights

Such strong solar conditions have been known to bring northern lights to the skies throughout the U.S. As of 3:20 p.m., two areas have a very high probability of seeing them: Alaska and Canada, according to the Aurora Viewline Forecast on NOAA.com. However, if the solar storm remains at G4 levels, Northern California and dozens of other states could get a glimpse of them.

The best way to view the northern lights is during the late night or early morning hours, and away from city lights. If visibility with the naked eye is difficult, experts recommend using a cell phone camera. Night mode on a cell device may also help enhance the view of the northern lights. In the past, the best time for viewing has been between 10 p.m. and 3 a.m.

For real-time updates on the geomagnetic storm and the “Aurora Viewline Forecast,” visit NOAA.com.

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