The Riverside County Executive Office, following consultations with the District Attorney’s Office, Sheriff’s Department and other agencies, submitted a formal request for the board to consider implementing a set of regulations aimed at deterring sales and marketing of kratom derivatives, mainly to minors.

“I had never heard of kratom before this came to us earlier this year,” county Chief Executive Officer Jeff Van Wagenen told the board ahead of its unanimous vote. “Kratom is becoming more widely used. Is there an opportunity to act now before it becomes more widely abused? We’ve tried to identify the most dangerous aspect of this … ‘gateway drug.’ This is an opportunity to limit the exposure of folks to it.”

The main emphasis is on so-called “7-OH” products, which contain alkaloids produced using biosynthetic methods. The 7-OH derivatives are based on kratom leaf or kratom leaf extracts originating from a tropical plant native to Southeast Asia, officials said. Their properties have pain-relieving influences similar to morphine and heroin.

“The 7-OH concentrated synthetic products are often promoted as dietary supplements,” Sacramento-based California Narcotics Officers’ Association Legislative Advocate Ryan Sherman told the board. “These products come in various forms, like concentrated liquid extract, and can significantly increase adverse potential life-threatening effects, especially when 7-OH is combined with alcohol and sedatives. Unknown concentrations of these synthetics bear an increased risk of unintentional overdose. There is no approved medical use.”

In July, the U.S. Food & Drug Administration requested that the DEA formally review kratom derivatives and consider placing them on the federal list of controlled substances, which would result in stringent regulations. The DEA is still in the review stage.

“Highly concentrated and synthetic kratom-based products — marketed in the form of powders, capsules, gummies and `energy shots’ — have proliferated in the U.S,” the Executive Office said in a statement. “These products are commonly sold online, in smoke shops and at convenience stores, often with no quality control or labeling standards.”

The state Legislature is in the process of sorting out possible statewide restrictions on 7-OH sales, after a similar proposal in the previous legislative session died in the state Senate. In the meantime, localities have taken regulatory steps of their own.

The Orange County Board of Supervisors approved a measure in August, following related actions in the cities of Jurupa Valley, Newport Beach, Oceanside, San Diego and Solano Beach, all of which now have ordinances in place that prohibit some 7-OH marketing and sales.

The proposed Riverside County regulatory scheme, which requires a second public hearing in the next two weeks before it can be formally approved, would bar the sale of any kratom-based products that contain more than 2% of alkaloids to anyone under 21 years old. The county would further outlaw any marketing of the derivatives to youths via advertisements or brand packaging.

Violations would result in potential misdemeanor criminal charges and fines.

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Carfentanil, which is used to tranquilize elephants, is 100 times stronger than fentanyl and 10,000 times more potent than morphine, according to Riverside County Health Officer Dr. Jennifer Chevinsky.

“We actually just saw the first overdose death related to carfentanil for a person that lives within Riverside County,” Dr. Chevinsky told KNX News’ Karen Adams. “We had never seen it before for a county resident, so this is really hitting us close to home.”

Dr. Chevinsky said the drug is being mixed into pills or powder, and there’s no way to test for it.

“Fentanyl strips, we still recommend their use to see whether there’s fentanyl mixed into a drug, but what we understand is that these fentanyl strips do not work to pick up carfentanil,” she said. “So, it’s not a fail-safe, and it’s not 100% there in terms of detecting it.”

She added that a person overdosing on carfentanil may need extra doses of Narcan to reverse its effects. While deaths from carfentanil in the United States are rare, Dr. Chevinsky said there’s been an increase in its usage nationally from 2023 to 2024.

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Jeremiah David Carlton, 21, of Canyon Lake is accused in the death of the teenager, identified in court documents only as “J.G.”

Carlton is charged with second-degree murder, transportation of controlled substances for sale and possession of controlled substances for sale.

During a pretrial hearing Tuesday at the Southwest Justice Center in Murrieta, Riverside County Superior Court Judge John Monterosso conferred with the prosecution and defense regarding a specific date for the next stage of proceedings, and both sides indicated they would be prepared to move forward at the end of next month.

Carlton is being held in lieu of $1 million bail at the Byrd Detention Center.

His co-defendant, 21-year-old Raymond Gene Tyrrell of French Valley, who was charged separately, pleaded guilty in July to voluntary manslaughter and was sentenced to three years in state prison. However, due to the amount of time he’d already spent in jail awaiting disposition of the case, along with other sentencing credits, Judge Stephen Gallon converted his prison term to what’s known as a “paper commitment,” enabling Tyrrell to instantly go on parole.

Sgt. Rick Espinoza of the Riverside County Sheriff’s Department alleged that Carlton and Tyrrell provided the drugs that led to the death of J.G. on the night of Feb. 24, 2021, at a residence in the 35000 block of Sugar Maple Street, near Leon Road.

Espinoza said deputies were called to the location to investigate two possible fentanyl poisonings and discovered the girl and a man, whose identity was not released, comatose. Both were taken to a regional trauma center, where the man was revived but the girl succumbed to the toxic ingestion.

“Detectives conducted an investigation and developed information that this was possibly a homicide,” the sergeant said, declining to elaborate on the circumstances.

Tyrrell was summoned to the sheriff’s Southwest station in Murrieta a day later and interviewed by detectives, after which he was taken into custody. Carlton was served with an arrest warrant and taken into custody at his residence.

Neither defendant had documented prior felony convictions.

Since February 2021, the District Attorney’s Office has charged over 30 people countywide in connection with fentanyl poisonings.

In November, prosecutors closed the books on the county’s first fentanyl murder case to go before a jury, culminating in the conviction of 34- year-old Vicente David Romero, who was sentenced to 15 years to life in prison for the 2020 death of a Temecula woman. District Attorney Mike Hestrin said it was the first fentanyl murder conviction in the state.

According to public health statistics, there were 550 known fentanyl- related fatalities countywide in 2023, a 9% increase from 2022, when there were 503.

Fentanyl is manufactured in overseas labs, principally in China, according to the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, which says the synthetic opioid is smuggled across the U.S.-Mexico border by cartels.

Fentanyl is 80-100 times more potent than morphine and can be mixed into any number of street narcotics and prescription drugs, without a user knowing what he or she is consuming. Ingestion of only two milligrams can be fatal.

Fentanyl is the leading cause of death for Americans between 18 and 45 years old.

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